184 page Child Rape Serial SEXUAL ASSAULT Report PowerPoint Presentation on CD

$11.99 Buy It Now or Best Offer, $3.00 Shipping, 60-Day Returns, eBay Money Back Guarantee
Seller: filmsdocs ✉️ (31,323) 99.4%, Location: Dayton, Ohio, US, Ships to: WORLDWIDE, Item: 190596434486 184 page Child Rape Serial SEXUAL ASSAULT Report PowerPoint Presentation on CD .

Thank you!

If you do not wish to have your item(s) delivered on data disc(s), I can provide them on a flash drive and other means as well. Just let me know if a disc does not work for you and we can discuss delivery by other methods.

COMBINING SHIPPING COSTS

Are you purchasing multiple items? I will: a) combine all invoices before payment and charge shipping equivalent to one item, or b) refund all shipping costs in excess of one item after payment.

All derivative (i.e. change in media; by compilation) work from this underlying U.S. Government public domain/public release data is COPYRIGHT © GOVPUBS.COM

$3.00 first class shipping in U.S..

Includes the Adobe Acrobat Reader for reading and printing publications.

Numerous illustrations and matrices.

Contains the following key public domain (not copyrighted) U.S. Government publication(s) on one CD-ROM in both Microsoft PowerPoint and Adobe Acrobat PDF file formats:

TITLE:

U.S. Army CID Investigate Sexual Assaults, 2006, 184 pages (slides)

SLIDE TOPICS, SUBTOPICS and CONTENTS:

U.S. Army CID Investigate Sexual Assaults The Investigative Process – Initial Impressions Scenario – Approximately 2100 hrs, Michelle Green, a family member wife informs her husband SGT Michael Green that she would like to walk down to the McDonalds in the German town they are living in (a three block walk) because she would like to get away and get a bite to eat. Her husband is somewhat suspicious of this request so he insists she take their six month old daughter with her. Approximately 2400 hrs, Mrs. Green appears back at their apartment and was confronted by SGT Green who is extremely upset and demands to know where she was and what she was doing. Mrs. Green bursts into tears and stated that while returning from McDonalds, a black male jumped out of a garden area in a yard, drug her into the garden and raped her. She said she was in shock and wandered around for an undetermined period of time and then found her way back home. SGT Green brought his wife to the MTF for an examination which determined there was recent sexual activity and some motile sperm. A sexual assault kit was obtained along with the clothing of Mrs. Green Scenario (Cont’d) – The responding CID agent conducted a short interview while Mrs. Green was waiting for tests in the MTF. Mrs. Green made a disclosure to the CID agent similar to the disclosure she made to her husband. On the way to the CID office, the CID agent stopped by the crime scene with Mrs. Green and asked her to point out where the rape occurred. Mrs. Green pointed to an area under a bush in the garden area behind a German home and stated that is where she was raped. She also pointed to another area and stated that is where the offender told her to put her baby during the rape. Upon close examination it was discovered that both areas were well manicured with rake marks in the dirt and no sign whatsoever of a struggle or any indication that anything had occurred. When asked, the victim insisted that this was the exact area the rape occurred. Based on this scenario – answer the following questions: What do you believe about this allegation? How do your experiences and beliefs impact on what you believe and how you proceed? What investigative steps should you take? How should you handle this potential inconsistency? What conclusions do you draw from this scenario? SGT Green was interviewed and stated he thought his wife had been involved in extramarital affairs Family members were interviewed and related that Mrs. Green was very unhappy in her marriage and was talking about leaving her marriage which was her second marriage SGT Greens unit members were canvassed and it was discovered that there were rumors of several extramarital affairs in the unit – but no one specifically identified Mrs. Green A neighborhood canvass was conducted around the alleged rape crime scene – no black males live in the area and no one was able to provide any pertinent information A check with family advocacy revealed Mrs. Green was the victim of domestic violence (physical assault) committed by SGT Green 9 months ago Based on this scenario – answer the following questions: How does this new information change any of your beliefs or conclusions you have already drawn? What actions would you now take based on this new information? The medical report of Mrs. Green indicated abrasions around the vaginal opening and some bruises on her upper left arm During a very lengthy interview with Mrs. Green she disclosed she was abused by her father as a child, she had been in several abusive relationships in the past and her current husband was physically and emotionally abusive Based on this scenario – answer the following questions: How does this new information change any of your beliefs or conclusions you have already drawn? What actions would you now take based on this new information? Mrs. Green disclosed she met her boyfriend SSG Brown who was a member of her husbands unit at McDonalds for the purpose of illicit sexual activity SSG Brown did not own a car so he caught a ride with another member of the unit, SGT Jones – a black male Mrs. Green had consensual sexual intercourse with SSG Brown in the backseat of SGT Jones’ car while SGT Jones and the baby were in the front seat following the intercourse with SSG Brown, while attempting to pull up her pants, SSG Brown grabbed Mrs. Greens upper arms and held her down while SGT Jones raped her Further investigation by CID revealed that SGT Jones admitted to this rape and it was discovered he had raped two other family members in the unit using the same MO with other NCOs who were having extramarital affairs. These other two victims did not voluntarily come forward, but when asked, disclosed that they had in fact been raped by SGT Jones in a similar manner as Mrs. Green Based on this scenario – answer the following questions: How does this new information change any of your beliefs or conclusions you have already drawn? What actions would you now take based on this new information? How did your currently held beliefs and experiences influence the previous conclusions you made? Independent Investigations Investigations of Restricted Reporting cases may occur if: Commander and/or law enforcement receives information from a source independent of the restricted reporting avenues Victim discloses circumstances of the sexual assault to someone other than the VA, SARC, Chaplain, or HCP (the protective sphere) Independent Investigations The SARC, VA and healthcare provider will not disclose covered communications unless the victim authorizes the disclosure in writing or another exception applies. Disclosure will be limited to that necessary to satisfy the purpose of the disclosure. Further disclosure will not be made unless the victim authorizes the disclosure in writing. THE VICTIMIZATION PROCESS Conducting a Better Victim Interview Begins with a realistic understanding of our role Agents must focus on developing at least three hypothesis and prove or disprove each one to attempt to remain unbiased Agents must use an awareness of societal stereotypes regarding “real rape” to overcome challenges to the victim’s credibility Understand how agents may also be susceptible to believing the stereotypes of “real rape” Lack of Physical Resistance The stereotype of “real rape” suggest that “genuine victims” will resist their assailant to their utmost capacity – therefore – victims who report little or no resistance are often viewed with suspicion – “they really wanted it” What are some reasons a victim may not resist? Lack of Physical Resistance Why victims may not resist: Too surprised or confused Fear that resistance may anger the rapist and increase their risk of injury or death The perpetrators size is greater and strength is sufficiently threatening to induce compliance – even in the absence of actual force or threats The victim may be experiencing dissociation or frozen flight The victim may be under the influence of drugs or alcohol Lack of Physical Resistance The role of gender socialization Although it may be difficult to understand, it is true that many victims do not resist someone who is sexually assaulting them because they are afraid of embarrassing themselves Since birth most females are socialized to be polite, not to offend people and never say “no” because they might hurt someone's feelings Lack of Physical Resistance Scenario: Imagine for a moment that a woman is coming home to her apartment with a bag of groceries and sees an old boyfriend standing in the lobby of her building. She hasn’t seen him in a couple of years, but they have spoken on several occasions. There was some violence while they were dating, but he has gone through counseling since and appears to have made some real changes. The man says that he was lonely and just needed someone to talk to for a while and asks if he can come into her apartment to catch up on what has been going on in their lives. He looks sad and seems sincere but she is still a bit uncomfortable. Does she let the man in despite her discomfort with the situation? Lack of Physical Resistance The fact is that most women would let the man in despite their discomfort Is this unwise? Yes In some sense most women are trained their entire lives to be polite, cooperative, to trust people, and to never say no – to avoid hurting someone's feelings or looking bad Most will let the man in (or accept the date, etc.) because they are afraid of misjudging or overreacting in the situation or looking ridiculous or hurting the mans feelings Therefore, if they are assaulted after making a poor decision and there is a lack of violent force, the victim may add false information in an attempt to make the assault seem more believable and relieve any doubt or misjudgment of the victim Lack of Physical Resistance Overcoming this challenge: Carefully elicit exactly how the victim responded to the situation and what the victim was thinking or feeling when they did so Use open ended questions that allow the victim to describe experience in their own words Don’t ask – Did you fight the suspect? Why didn’t you run and escape? Did you scream for help? Why didn’t you say no more than once? Why could these questions build a barrier? What should you ask instead? Lack of Physical Resistance Appropriate Open-Ended Questions: What did you do next? Help me understand? Tell me what you were thinking at that point? Tell me what you were feeling when he did that? Tell me more about that? This type of questioning will provide the victim an opportunity to talk about thoughts, feelings, and experiences during the assault This will help us understand better the reality of the situation and overcome this challenge of credibility Lack of Physical Resistance Scenario: An 18 year old female was raped by a 225 pound former university football player who is now in her platoon. You are the agent conducting the interview. What types of questions should you ask concerning the issue of force used by the victim to resist? Give some examples – talk it through Lack of Physical Resistance Scenario: An 18 year old female was raped by a 225 pound former university football player who is now in her platoon. You are the agent conducting the interview How about – You notice she has unusually long fingernails and ask her “Why didn’t you use your fingernails to scratch your attacker during the assault?” What type of response would that normally solicit? How would the victim feel about this question? Would this question be helpful in discovering the truth? Lack of Physical Resistance Scenario: An 18 year old female was raped by a 225 pound former university football player who is now in her platoon. You are the agent conducting the interview A better question to ask would be… “How did you feel during the attack?” Victims response “I continually cried and said “no”, I thought he was going to kill me and I would never get to go home if I made too big of a deal out of the incident.” The agent could properly reconstruct the reality of the victims experience in its entirety and can be very powerful in helping others understand why she responded the way she did Delayed Reporting Victims typically do not report sexual assaults and if they do – it is only after some delay The stereotype of “real rape” requires that victims report immediately – if not there is a great deal of suspicion that chips away at credibility The underlying belief is that the delay was due to fabrication or exaggerated or false event What are some reasons victims do not report right away? Delayed Reporting Imagine a child molested by a father versus a stranger in a park The child is more likely to run and report the stranger assault as soon as he or she can get away from the perpetrator The child who is molested by the father or other relative or close acquaintance will often suffer for years before it is disclosed – if ever Similar dynamics are at work with adult victims as well Delayed Reporting They will often delay non-stranger sexual assaults because: Frozen with fear or shock May not label what happened as a crime Not had time to process what happened Confused by friendship, love, or trust they feel for the assailant – who is usually much more than just an assailant to them Paralyzed by the concern that they are to blame Fear that no one will believe them – afraid that others will side with the perpetrator Afraid of what will happen to the perpetrator if reported Delayed Reporting How do you overcome this challenge to credibility? What are your thoughts? Delayed Reporting Provide the victim with open ended prompts to elicit their thoughts and actions during and after the rape These thoughts and actions will often explain why the report was delayed, given the trauma of the victim and stigma associated with the disclosure Document these thoughts and actions very thoroughly Interview any others with whom the victim may have discussed the assault Document the victims behavior following the assault Inconsistent or Untrue Statements There are a number of reasons why victims sometimes make statements to law enforcement that are inconsistent or untrue Trauma and disorganization Discomfort with sexual details Fear of doubt or blame Confabulation Victim’s perception of the incident Types of questions asked, mannerism of interviewer, time at which questions were asked Intentional fabrications Inconsistent and Untrue Statements Victims are likely to be in an acute phase of rape trauma syndrome when reporting – even after a delay of several days Their thinking may be disorganized They may be traumatized Trauma memory has an impact on how details are recalled Some of the inconsistencies are understandable if we truly understand the rape trauma syndrome They may be under a great deal of stress Inconsistent and Untrue Statements Discomfort with sexual details: Telling a stranger about the most intimate of details The level of details needed for the investigation Misunderstanding of the elements of proof and testimonial evidence needed for the investigation – they may misunderstand what we really need to know Inconsistent and Untrue Statements Imagine standing up and describing the most embarrassing thing that every happened to you – would you leave anything out or get something wrong? What about talking about your most recent sexual experience? Anything you might want to omit or perhaps elaborate about? Agents should remember this potential for discomfort each and every time they interview a victim Inconsistent and Untrue Statements The victim may have to repeat their story to several different people many different times and many different ways under many different circumstances Who among us could maintain the level of consistency we expect of the victim? Have you ever had a broken arm or other visible injury and was asked numerous times to tell what happened? Were there some people you provided more details to than others? What if it was something stupid or embarrassing that you did? Did that have an effect on how much detail you provided? Inconsistent and Untrue Statements It is important to recognize that we – in the pursuit of the truth – have an extremely high – and quite often impossible standard for the people we deal with Recognizing this tendency is vitally important – especially when we are interviewing victims when there may already be a tendency to disbelieve them and we are actively looking for inconsistencies in their credibility If we fail to recognize this tendency – we may be setting ourselves and the victim up for failure in determining the truth while attempting to conduct an unbiased investigation Fear of Doubt or Blame Victims may make statements that are untrue or inconsistent because they are afraid they will be doubted or blamed for the assault In order to be taken seriously, victims sometimes embellish to make their experience sound more like “real rape.” Fear of Doubt or Blame Case Study: A young woman meets a man at a club and enjoys dancing and drinking with him. As the club gets noisier he asks her to his car where they can talk and get to know each other better. She is flattered and accepts his invitation. Once in the car he sexually assaults her using his body weight as a restraint. She is drunk, confused, and frightened and as a result doesn’t physically resist during the assault. Later when reporting the crime to investigators she does not think she will be believed and says the man pulled a knife on her in the car Fear of Doubt or Blame In these cases it is important for agents to reassure the victim that nothing they did could have given permission for someone to sexually assault them This may hopefully alleviate the victims concern that her behavior will be used to judge the validity of her claim Equally important, the agent should emphasize to the victims that they must be as accurate as possible or their credibility may be challenged later Fear of Doubt or Blame One serious impediment to victim truthfulness is collateral misconduct By setting the tone of a nonjudgmental attitude on the part of the agent and a non-aggressive and helpful attitude may be extremely beneficial to assist the victim in making admissions about collateral misconduct and remove the barrier to being truthful Method of Documentation The manner in which agents document the disclosure and subsequent details is vitally important If the agent misinterprets or misrepresents some of the details it may appear later that this is the victim’s inconsistency What are some of the challenges you face in properly documenting the victims disclosure? What are some methods we can use to enhance our ability to accurately document the details? Overcoming Challenges of Inconsistent or Untrue Statements It is critically important that agents realize that these inconsistencies and untruths may be caused by many factors and should not be confused with a “false allegation” Explore the issue of inconsistencies by exploring the issue gently and non-judgmentally with the victim When an inconsistency does arise – ask the victim (in a non-confrontational manner) to clarify Overcoming Challenges of Inconsistent or Untrue Statements If the direct approach of having the victim clarify the inconsistency does not work Blame someone else for needing to clarify the information (supervisor, bureaucracy, etc.) Blame yourself by suggesting that you perhaps got the information wrong and need it clarified Use the “Columbo” technique Use the phrase “help me understand” Maintain a caring helpful attitude Conducting a Successful Interview Barriers to successful interviewing: Treating the victim like a piece of evidence Don’t simply ask “who, what, when, where, and why” there is a great deal more to a good interview than that Some agents personality make it difficult to conduct successful interviews Some agents are very action oriented people and want results too quickly – sexual assault cases require patience for a long, detailed, and emotionally difficult interview Conducting a Successful Interview Barriers to successful interviewing: Some agents have a very tough exterior that may make victims untrusting and afraid Some agents may demonstrate a very detached and unemotional style which may make the victim nervous Some agents may use rapid fire questions and not take the time to use well structure and timed open ended questions Some agents may not provide enough time for the victim to process the questions and information and respond in their time Conducting a Successful Interview Barriers to successful interviewing: Male It may be difficult to relate to members of the opposite sex – especially in a crisis situation Women’s reality and behavior often differ from men Men often have different scripts for socially acceptable behavior Some males may have a fear of being falsely accused of rape or at least identify with the threatening possibility Some males may be extremely uncomfortable talking with male victims of sexual assault for a variety of reasons Conducting a Successful Interview Barriers to successful interviewing: Female Females may often share with their male counterparts a difficulty with understanding the victim’s behavior Female may have a heightened motivation to distance themselves from the threat of sexual victimization – therefore they may look for ways to blame the victim for the rape which may distance them from the possibility of similar victimization The female agent may have personally experienced a sexual assault (men as well) Interview Tips Be supportive (even if you don’t feel like it) Acknowledge the victim’s ordeal Allow the victims to vent emotions – use psychological first aid Communicate empathy Don’t say: “I know how you feel” “Don’t cry” “You shouldn’t feel that way” “It could have been worse” “At least you weren’t injured” “Time heals all wounds” Interview Tips Explain the purpose of the police interview Address any concerns the victim may have Don’t make assumptions Don’t change the words and phrases the victim uses Avoid using police language (digital penetration, oral copulation) Additional Techniques for Soliciting Information Remembering suspects: Did the suspect remind them of anyone? Remembering names: Try to think of the first letter Remembering numbers: Was it high or low? How many digits were there? Recalling speech characteristics: Did the voice remind you of any other voice? Recalling conversational details: How did people present react to what was said? Were there any unusual phrases or words used? Information to Obtain It is important to obtain the who, what, where, why, when, and how…but that’s just the beginning if we want to get beyond “He Said, She Said” The truth is always found in the details Go beyond the incident Don’t stop until you yourself can possibly re-live what the victim went through – if there are things you don’t understand - ask Information to Obtain Describing the victim’s behavior and relationship to the suspect Describing the suspect’s behavior Any other crimes the suspect committed Use of object, language, phrases etc. Documenting specific acts committed Describing the suspects sexual behavior Establishing force or threat of force Detailed description of suspect – including private parts Establish modus operandi and signature Closing the Interview Discuss any concerns the victim may have Provide contact information Remind the victim that disclosure is a process – not an event and that it is quite possible that they will remember additional details as days, weeks, and months pass Request that the victim write down all their thoughts and memories and provide that information to you as appropriate Victims may tend to remember more as they “journal’ their memories and feelings Conclusion Sensitivity and empathy are the keys to a successful victim interview Be patient Be thorough Go beyond “He said, She said” Build a case in depth Don’t stop asking questions until you can in some ways experience what the victim has experienced Give the victim time to process and work through the trauma False Allegations, False Information, and Recantations A poorly trained investigator who initially believes the victim, takes the case seriously, and keeps an open mind is eminently preferable to a well-trained investigator who nonetheless thinks that most sexual assault allegations are false Some Food For Thought What do we mean by "false allegation“? How does terminology confuse the issue of unfounding versus false allegations? How unfounding is used for cases that don't meet the stereotype of "real rape“ How unfounding is used for "difficult" cases What are the consequences of improperly unfounding sexual assault cases? Some Food For Thought How improper unfounding fuels the myth of false allegations. Can agents "create" an unfounded case? How can officers counter the "cycle of distrust" that harms both police and victims? What are appropriate procedures for unfounding an allegation? How to handle the frustrating reality of false allegations A False Allegation Requires that the motive for a false allegation must be deliberate deception The deception must be sufficient enough to invalidate the allegation Deception however is not required for a charge to be baseless False information is not always intentional Name some ways that providing false information may be inadvertently provided? False Allegation Scenario #1 Tony was asleep in the barracks when he was awakened by someone's presence next to his bed. A man wearing a hood was standing there holding a knife. He threatened him with the knife and forced him to have anal sex with him. He also forced Tony to perform fellatio. After he left, he called the MPs. In his statement, he denied engaging in oral sex. The subject was found and stated he and the alleged victim engaged in consensual sexual activity. False Allegation Scenario #1 Was this a false allegation? This was closed out as a false allegation (unfounded) by investigators – why? What else could the investigators done to prove or disprove this report? What bias’ might have influenced the investigators to unfound this report? The victim simply omitted the oral sex because he felt shame and guilt False Allegation Scenario #2 Patricia was a drug addict. She would do almost anything to support her habit. She made arrangements to buy some crack from her dealer. She met him at the appointed time and place. In the course of the transaction there was a disagreement over the terms of the sale. The dealer physically assaulted Patricia, dragged her behind a vacant house, and forced her to have sex. Patricia reported the incident to the police, completely omitting the details of the drug deal. False Allegation Scenario #2 Was this a false allegation? This was closed out by investigators as a false allegation because they didn’t believe the victims story – why? What bias’ could have effected this decision? Why didn’t the victim disclose all the details? What else could the investigators have done? Are there any consequences to unfounding this offense? False Allegation Scenario #3 Kathryn lived alone and was sexually assaulted by her neighbor. He forced her to have vaginal and oral sex with him. Kathryn had always feared this man. He threatened to kill her if she reported the assault. She was also afraid of venereal disease. She described her assailant as a masked stranger and denied the oral act. False Allegation Scenario #3 This case was closed out as a false allegation Why did investigators unfound this report? Why didn’t the victim disclose all the information? Because she was afraid of the perpetrator Why did Kathryn report incident to police in the first place? To secure free medical services, she reported the incident to police False Allegations For many reasons – victims will provide inconsistent or untrue statements either by omission or commission Investigators and others have incorrectly misinterpreted false information to mean that the entire allegation is false False information does not by itself negate that a crime occurred False Allegations Does this mean that alleged victims of sex crimes are liars? Of course not Besides being a victim of a crime such as robbery or burglary these victims perceive an additional stigma because their crime was sexual in nature and because in some cases they are apprehensive about their own conduct Things to Consider ??? “How false” does an allegation need to be to be considered a “false allegation”? Must the entire allegation be false to be considered a false allegation? Is it more serious to make false accusations against a person than to falsify other aspects of a crime? HOW TO ADDRESS INCONSISTENT OR UNTRUE STATEMENTS Exploring the issue gently and non-judgmentally Address underlying fear of being doubted or blamed Create a safe, nonjudgmental environment that encourages honesty even for unflattering or illegal behavior How false does a false allegation need to be??? It is understandable and even inevitable that victims – as well as others will make inconsistent or provide untrue information Many victims will omit or distort information about the assault, but that should not, in and of itself, negate the reality that the assault happened Cases should be considered false only if there is evidence to prove that the assault simply did not occur How many sexual assault reports are estimated to be false? Estimates vary widely There are many myths and few facts Even though we may be able to look at how many reports we have unfounded – these reports may have been created due to lack of investigative prowess, thoroughness, or investigative assets or techniques used Agent biases are not generally documented 2004 Army rate of completed investigations was 24.7% unfounded How does terminology confuse the issue of unfounding verses false allegations? The police are unable to locate the victim The victim decides not to follow through with prosecution The victim repeatedly changes the account of the rape The victim recants No assailant can be identified How unfounding is used for cases that don’t meet the stereotype of “real rape” As discussed in the interview portion of this training – some cases are improperly unfounded because they are viewed with suspicion that is not grounded in investigative facts but rather due to particular characteristics of the case or victim or both They do not meet the cultural stereotype of a “real rape” How unfounding is used for “difficult” cases Even when cases are seen as legitimate, they may be improperly unfounded because they are just plain difficult Victim is a prostitute, drug user, has a criminal history, previous sexual contact with the suspect, or does not fit our own personal profile of a “real victim” None of these are legitimate reasons for unfounding a case What are the consequences of improperly unfounding sexual assault cases? Consequences are tragic for agents, victims, and the public Agents – pressure from inspectors, the public, media, DoD, and congress to reopen cases Victims – creates a sense of betrayal and distrust that can have devastating effects on victim recovery Public – awareness that sexual assault cases will not be taken seriously, represents a miscarriage of justice, threat to public safety and a false sense of security How improper unfounding fuels the myth of false allegations The most tragic consequence of routinely unfounding sexual assault cases is that it fuels the myth that a high percentage of cases are determined to be false Closes our doors to scores of victims who will not report due to the fear of not being believed or even worse – being falsely accused of lying if their allegation and delineation of the facts does pass through our scrutiny and preconceived notions Thomas Doyle of the Philadelphia Police Department stated, “Investigation of person” was for cases that were just too hard to sort out. “ You have the college student, the female, who was drinking the night before and was wet between the legs”, said Doyle, now Director of the criminal justice program at Philadelphia Community college. “Is that rape? That’s an investigation of person.” Apparently, the FBI disagrees. FBI officials quoted in the Philadelphia Inquirer stated the “there is, in fact, no requirement that a victim specifically recall the act of penetration especially in cases where a woman might have blacked out. If a woman says she has reason to believe she was raped, but cannot recall details because she was under the influence of alcohol or drugs, the incident should be counted as a rape. If subsequent investigation proves that no rape took place, police can subtract it from their crime total.” As a result of the scandal in Philadelphia, hundreds of sexual assault complaints are being reviewed and many have been returned to detectives to reopen for investigation. Unfortunately, cases such as Philadelphia spotlight problems that are evident in departments around the country. How can we “create” an unfounded case? The process begins with the suspicion held by many that a large percentage of victims are lying If the agent does not believe the victim, we may directly or indirectly make this known by excessive questioning that focuses on the absence of obvious injury, delayed reporting, or lack of force used to thwart the alleged attack How can we “create” an unfounded case? The victim, in turn, may become upset and withdraw cooperation The victim’s lack of cooperation is itself seen by many as sufficient grounds for unfounding the case By not believing the victim and communicating this mistrust can cause a victim to become non-cooperative when the victim would have otherwise been How can we “create” an unfounded case? By “creating” non-cooperative victims in this way, the agent may fuel a misperception that most victims will not cooperate with agents and that most sexual assault claims are without merit This mistrust is heightened and carried over to the next case The result is a never-ending spiral of suspicion and anxiety for both the agent and the victim How can officers counter the “cycle of distrust” that harms both police and victims? Investigate sexual assault cases thoroughly Develop at least three hypothesis Don’t jump to conclusions too quickly Respond to victims with compassion Approach each and every case with the assumption that they are valid Conduct victim interviews in accordance with guidelines provided in this training What are appropriate procedures for unfounding and administrative closure? Every case must be investigated thoroughly based on the assumption the claim is valid Give sexual assault victims the same consideration as other crime victims Determine if the allegation – as a result of a thorough and unbiased investigation – to be false and baseless The refusal of a victim to cooperate does not “unfound” a legitimate offense How to handle the frustrating reality of false allegations False allegations do exist Allegations should only be determined false when the investigative facts directly contradict the victim’s account of events Remember – there is no perfect witness or victim – not all the information will match Analyze all the pertinent information, conduct a good solid investigation, do good solid detective work – then of you truly believe a crime did not occur – document your findings and make the appropriate call Indicators and investigation of false allegations The alleged victim may fabricate allegations out of a desperate need for attention Denying or shifting responsibility for consensual sexual activity Cover other misconduct Obtain medical care Revenge Misperception Peer pressure Mental illness Pregnancy What other indicators? Indicators of false rape allegations There is no simple way to determine the legitimacy of any criminal complaint In many, if not most instances, it is impossible to determine whether the crime actually occurred In false complaints certain characteristics are found with greater frequency None of the characteristics in and of themselves are significant – but taken together they may indicate a potential that the facts may be different than reported The victim-offender relationship Preponderance of rapes are committed by individuals known to the victim or with whom they have had a prior relationship Such affiliations often create additional problems for the victim (facing the assailant as well as mutual friends) In false rape allegations there seems to be a higher probability that the “assailant” will be a stranger, a friend of a friend, etc. Victim creates someone who cannot get into trouble Makes it impossible for police to “successfully” resolve the case Can relieve fear of being contradicted Caution – stranger rapes do occur – victims may at times have limited information about the assailant Force and resistance Victims typically report being overwhelmed by fear Actual level of violence may not go beyond verbal threats The victim is convinced they are in mortal danger and reacts accordingly Results in non-violence submission Those making false complaints frequently claim they have fought with all their ability, kicking, scratching, and punching until they were overpowered or the assailant was simply too large to resist against False victims more frequently include the face-saving element of resisting or resistance was impossible Caution – legitimate rape complaints may also include these elements as well Nature of the sexual acts performed In a significant number of rape cases, the victims are subjected to acts other than or in addition to intercourse In false complaint reports such acts seem to be reported less frequently False complaints are usually found to be more narrow in its construction and seldom includes more than allegations of penile penetration and the manipulation of breasts or genitalia Nature of sexual acts performed These false characteristics may arise from reasoning that other sexual acts are not required to support the claim The victim may not wish to debase themselves with acts they may personally find repugnant The victim may not want to be more deceitful than necessary May be a manifestation of the false claimants naiveté as to what actually occurs in these crimes Caution – some rapists may commit only one or two sexual acts Recall of details Victims who have been sexually assaulted are generally able to provide a reasonably accurate description of the event, including sequence and nature of the sexual acts Victims who make false allegations seem to more frequently report that they had their eyes closed, passed out, or cannot recall the specifics of the actual sex act(s) Caution – actual sexual assault victims may also have passed out, kept their eyes closed, or cannot recall specifics due to many physical and psychological factors Recall of details Opposite extreme – false victim may provide an emotionless, but very detailed description of the event Caution – actual sexual assault victims may also provide an emotionless description of what happened, a procedure that reflects their attempt to mentally disassociate themselves from an unacceptable experience – in the case of an actual assault the description will seldom be extremely detailed Recounting the event is embarrassing and emotionally unpleasant and is a recitation of what occurred Recall of details The victim making a false report will either “invent” acts or convert consensual sexual experience into a sexual assault Physical injury Approximately 1/3 of legitimate rapes include some form of violence against the victim – such as hitting, slapping, choking, forcefully tearing clothes off, etc. In a small percentage of the cases the level of violence is devastating False complaints usually do not present serious injuries – however, as one moves along the continuum of personal pathology, the extent of self-inflicted harm can increase Self inflicted injuries are typically different from those that occur in actual sexual assaults Physical injury There are two characteristics about injuries in false allegations First characteristic - false victims who have injured themselves tend to exhibit an unusually wide array of wounds Sensitive organs such as eyes, nipples, lips, or genitalia are almost never injured Self inflicted injuries are usually caused by scratching with fingernails or by cutting with a razor or other sharp instrument Self inflicted injuries tend to be located within reach and at unusual angles – sides, front, and lower back Physical injury Self inflicted wounds may range from minor scratches to life threatening and usually appear more severe than they really are Will be inflicted for the purpose of supporting the individual’s claim rather than mutilate or kill The second characteristic of pseudo-victims who injure themselves is their tendency to be strangely indifferent to their wounds Accept their injuries with a degree of nonchalance not found in others who were wounded at the hands of other Syndrome know as “la belle indifference” is usually quite noticeable even though a general anxiety may be present Recantations Admitting a False Report or Risk Management? Recantations What is a recantation? Do we ever close out a report simply based on a victim’s recantation? Do we ever believe a crime occurred even though the victim recanted? Can a case be successfully prosecuted even though a victim recanted? What would cause a victim to recant? Why Victims Recant The victim has made a false report and wants to confess to avoid any further internal and external conflict The victim has intentionally or unintentionally provided false information and is not being believed The victim’s story by the very nature of the assault lacks credibility and is not believed The victim has been honest and is experiencing secondary trauma during the investigation The victim has been assaulted and external pressures has caused the victim to recant FEAR! Cost – Benefit Analysis We all conduct a cost benefit analysis on a daily basis Should I go to work on time? Should I control my temper? Should I shade the truth? Should I make this purchase? Should I pursue this relationship? Should I attend this training? What’s the Cost? What’s the Benefit? Cost – Benefit Analysis Pair up with a partner and discuss a time you gave up on some project, sports event, goal, or other pursuit Why did you give up? What was the cost of continuing with your goal? What was the benefit of giving up? Risk Analysis Many victims are under extreme pressure and may feels it is easier to be “labeled” as a liar than continue through the trauma of the investigation The victim has already suffered and immeasurable trauma and simply cannot take any more How do I relieve the pressure and get on with my life? Investigating a Recantation To be fair – and unbiased – consideration should be given to investigating the recantation Is this statement true or false? If it’s true – why? If it’s false – why not? What is an unbiased investigation and what considerations should be given to ensure we have discovered the truth? Investigating a Recantation Recantations can come at any point in the investigation They can be full or partial recantations They can be simple or quite elaborate What should you do when a victim recants? What steps should you take to ensure the recantation is valid? Investigate a Recantation Ask the victim about the recantation Ask the victim about the pressures he/she felt during the investigative process Ask the victim why he/she recanted Talk with coworkers, friends, relatives about the victims emotional state during the investigative process Determine any potential pressures, risks, fears, etc. the victim experienced from the time initial disclosure was made Investigate a Recantation Ask the victim how he/she feels now that a recantation has been made? Ask the victim how they feel about the alleged perpetrator and what should happen to the perpetrator now? Check with mental health expert witnesses to determine if they can provide insights into the recantation Review the case file to determine if there is enough evidence to proceed in light of the recantation If you built a case in depth – you may still be able to proceed As you know – the truth is illusive There is a significant difference between false information and false reports Sexual assault crimes can be extremely traumatic – so can the investigative process Victims and witnesses are far from perfect We all tend to get things wrong from time to time There are false reports – there are reports filled with false information – there are true recantations and false recantations Determining the truth is up to you… Incidents Estimated between 10-14% of married women are raped while married. About 25% of reported rapes were of married women by their partner Marital rape was not a crime in all 50 States until Jul 93 Historical Aspects Wife = property Sexual intercourse is wifely duty Sexual intercourse is part of the contract Gender Socialization Societal expectation of women Traditional female role based on culture Marital rape seen as “lesser” offense than stranger or acquaintance rape. Marital Rape v. Domestic Violence Is marital rape the same as domestic violence? Battery can but does not always lead to marital rape. Marital rape does not always include battery Intervention needs vary based on incidents Marital Rape v. Domestic Violence Marital rape occurs across all social lines Marital rape Rape of property Use of power and control in relationship Domineering personality Increase risks-pregnancy, illness, hospitalization Marital Rape v. Domestic Violence Marital rape in relationship characterized by domestic violence Battery precedes sexual assault Rape may be culmination of battery-end result Rape may be secondary to the battery-make up Sexual intercourse = forgiveness Marital Rape v. Domestic Violence Marital rape as part of sadistic or torture sexual intercourse routine Sadistic pornography Internet Literature Devices Marital Rape v. Domestic Violence Marital rape may occur without battery Use of force only enough to facilitate rape Surrounding relationship appears sound Marital Rape v. Domestic Violence Marital rape is usually an on-going process (multiple incidents) because of the relationship between victim and suspect. Different dynamics than single incident stranger or acquaintance rape Trust issues (Love) Relationship norms Victim Impact Physical- Lacerations, contusions, broken bones Pregnancy-miscarriages, stillbirths, infertility, STD Mental- Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome Higher rates of depression (relationship-trust) Victim Impact Victim Reporting Issues- Family loyalty Fear of loss of support (money, housing, etc) Fear of husband’s retribution Socialized view of wife’s duty Marital rape is not “real” rape Interview Issues Police share socialized view of marital rape Non-battery cases – force/consent key focus Acquiescence (better to let happen) Focus on feelings (helplessness, inevitable) Explore relationship control Incidents 10% males have been sexually assaulted One in six boys is sexually abused before the age of 16 Boys are more likely than girls to be sexually assaulted by persons in authority Boys are more likely to be assaulted by strangers Assaults occur in isolated locations Gender Socialization Societal expectation of males Traditional male role results in: Internalization of fears Expectation of negative reaction from disclosure Fear of change in sexual identity Fear of becoming abusers Different reaction if abuser is a female Perpetrator Profiles 86% are male on male 13% are female on male Most assailants identify themselves as heterosexual Have male-female relationships Typical “gay” male or “lesbian” female predator is not statistically supported Victim Impact Post Traumatic Stress Disorder 80% report substance abuse (alcohol) vs. 11% for non-victims Risk taking behavior (re-capture “manly” self-image) Over-compensation in relationships Sexual identity fears Interview Issues Agent bias Victim shame= non-reporting or minimization Self-image among peers Contributing factors: Alcohol Sexual experimentation DRUG FACILITATED SEXUAL ASSAULTS COMMONLY USED DRUGS Alcohol (still number one) Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) GHB and its analogs MDMA and its analogs Ketamine Other muscle relaxants Narcotic analgesic Motion sickness/nausea prevention/sedative CHALLENGES WITH DRUGS USED Dosage Synergy Pharmacokinetics – what our body does to the drug Pharmacodynamics – what the drug does to our body DFSA AND TOXICOLOGY Note Date and Time of Sexual Assault Note Time Lapsed Between Suspected Ingestion, Assault, and Forensic Examination How Long Was the Victim Unconscious Did the Patient Vomit – or need to? Did the Patient Urinate – or need to? Patient History or Observation Past Voluntary Drug Use CHALLENGES WITH LABORATORY METHODOLOGIES No single analytical test will detect all potential drugs used to facilitate sexual assault Detection of drug, its metabolites, and its additives Outside sourcing FORENSIC EVIDENCE IN DFSA Blood – Alcohol related – most drugs metabolize before detection Urine – 6 to 12 hours for most Hair – promising for detection in drugs such as GHB which are difficult to detect in urine and blood but grow out through hair. In this case, time is NOT your enemy, but your friend! ROLE OF COMMUNICATIONS FOR TOXICOLOGY AND EVIDENCE COLLECTION Ask if victim has already bathed, showered or urinated If you tell a person not to do something they have already done, they may feel guilty or ashamed and hide facts If person is not in an optimum place to urinate, have them do so in a clean container with a cup INVESTIGATING DFSA Offender’s use of “anesthesia-type” drug Whether given stealthily or not Renders the victim physically helpless or incapacitated May be unconscious during all or part of act May have amnesia even when conscious May appear to “participate” at some stages INVESTIGATING DFSA Don’t lead the victim Victims will be confused, ashamed, embarrassed Be careful what you say to other agents around the victim (not just in DFSA, but all the time!) The victim will be looking for ways to fill the gaps in her memory The victim will adopt these memories as their own INVESTIGATING DFSA Let the drugs do the talking Match the symptoms to the scenario Create a timeline to assist interpretation and prosecution down the line. Force or fear is not an element of DFSA Determine recreation, prescription and over the counter drug use by victim, times and levels INVESTIGATING DSFA The investigator must be able to show the extreme difference in the victim and suspect’s level of intoxication and impairment Sexual acts beyond the victim’s experience Lack of contraception or protection from STD Failure to remove a tampon prior to sex act Document the number of times a friend went to check on the victim Who tried to revive and how SUSPECT’S ROLE IN DRUG USE Suspects will use what they have or what is available Location (border state or foreign country) Suspect’s personal prescription Suspect’s drug use and history Suspect’s profession/associations DST intelligence for particular units and personnel CHALLENGES TO DRUG FACILIATED SEXUAL ASSAULT Lack of Physical Resistance Inconsistent or Untrue Statements by Victim Delayed Reporting Feeling of Guilt and Helplessness OVERCOMING CHALLENGES Lack of Resistance – Effective Interviewing Inconsistencies in Statements – Free the Victim of Blame and ask for Clarification when needed; Keep the Number of Interviews at a Minimum Delay in Reporting – Provide Open-ended Questions; Document Everything and Understand the Dynamics of Delayed Reporting Guilt and Helplessness – Don’t Add to it – allow the Rape Crisis Counselor to Address Understanding Sex Offenders What You Don’t Know Can Hurt You…and Others Overview Learning objectives Understand sex offender behaviors Prevalence of sex offenders and dangers they pose to the public How sex offenders manipulate others to commit crime – and remain undetected Identification of sex offenders Strategies on how to protect yourself and others from predatory behaviors Why is this important to you? You provide advice and training to victim advocates and options to victims Victims depend on you for accurate information and resources Victims must be given clear and concise information You must make assessments and judgments concerning safety issues What you and the victim don’t know can hurt you and the victim as well as others Before we begin…a test What are the characteristics of sex offenders? Do child sex offenders and adult sex offenders have anything in common? What other crimes do sex offenders commit? What is a hebophile? What is the difference between a sadist and a rapist? What typology of sex offender is the most difficult to find? Are female sex offenders like male sex offenders? Dispelling some myths… Only about 30-35% of sex offenders were sexually abused (Hanson & Slater, 1998) Tend to come from unstable families Report that they were neglected by their parents (Awad, Saunders, & Levene, 1984) Report that they were physically abused by their parents (Finkelhor, 1979, 1984) Research shows that 80% of sexual assaults – both adult and child – are committed by someone they know The truth about sex offenders Can and does look like anyone Can be a good Samaritan Can be a good-looking person Can be extremely charming and nice Can appear to be very trustworthy Can be in any profession Generally about 99% like you and I Sex offender prevalence The chances of being caught for a sexual offense is 3 percent (Abel et al, 1988) One study showed 44 percent of woman had either been victims of rape or attempted rape (Russell, 1984,2000) 561 sex offenders admitted to more than 291,000 sexual offenses with more than 195,000 victims – could fill two and a half Superdomes (Abel et al, 1987) 23 offenders in an incarcerated treatment program admitted to about 3 victims each – following polygraph they admitted to an average of 175 victims each (Van Wyk) Only about 5 percent of all rapists ever spend a day in jail (Saulter, 2003) These are a sampling of only the offenders who were caught Model for Understanding Sex Offenders Sex Offenders – The Stereotypes He's mean looking, and he carries some type of weapon. He stalks his victims like a predator, attacking women at night in parks and dark streets, or breaking into their homes. He leaves them physically brutalized and emotionally scarred Is this correct? In most cases it is absolutely false Why do false stereotypes of rapists exist? Stereotype is comforting to people If we believe we can spot a sex offender we feel safer If we believe we can judge character we feel safer If we believe we can trust someone because they are nice, helpful, charming, good-looking, etc. – we feel safer Why do false stereotypes of rapists exist? False stereotypes of rapists are fed by high profile serial rapist cases and television shows False stereotypes of rapists are strangers - therefore we don’t have to worry about friends, relatives, coworkers, or neighbors False stereotypes of sex offenders Do a great deal of harm Actually increase our danger Allows secrets to be maintained Enables sex offenders to continue Effects the ways in which we view sex offenders and our ability to detect them Hinders victim’s ability to convince us that they are a victim – in some cases Elements of a Crime Five stages of violent crime Intent Interview Regular Hot Escalating Silent Prolonged Positioning Attack Reaction Sex Offenders Most sex offenders appear to be nice, professional, honest, empathetic, and may have exceptional service records Many sex offenders commit other crimes Domestic violence, child abuse, robbery, larceny, drug offenses, etc. High recidivism rate among sexual offenders Non-sex Crimes by Known Rapists a Year Prior to Commitment M. Weinrott & M. Saylov - Journal of Interpersonal Violence, September 1991 How do they do it? Deception One example Identify potential victim and assess vulnerability and opportunity Establish positive rapport Test the victim Isolate the victim Victimize Ensure secrecy Re-victimize Sex Offenders Five historical categories of sex offenders: Power Anger Sadistic Undetected Same sex offenders The Surreptitious Sex Offender Plans & premeditates attacks Uses multiple strategies to make victim vulnerable Uses alcohol deliberately Increases violence as needed Does not use a weapon Uses instrumental, not gratuitous violence Has access to consensual sex Comes from all racial & ethnic groups Is not mentally ill Research on the surreptitious rapist 10% of surreptitious rapist victims report the sexual assault 80% of victims knew the perpetrator to some degree Surreptitious rapists are criminals flying just below the radar of the criminal justice system Surreptitious rapists are the ones committing the majority of the sexual assaults Research on surreptitious rapists Premeditation Instrumental violence Use of alcohol Sexual behavior Beliefs & attitudes Underlying motivations Sexually violent subculture Developmental antecedents Research on surreptitious rapists Premeditation Sex offenders who attack women are sometimes tagged with the misnomer “date rape” This term actually assists the rapist to avoid detection by placing the blame and confusion on the woman – when in fact the “date” is one of the best tools used by the undetected rapist Implication that a man and woman went out on a date, began having sex, and “things” just got out of control Actually, these sex offenders typically preplan and premeditate these assaults with great cunning and detail Intent Interview Positioning Attack Reaction Premeditation Typically manipulate their victims into a position of vulnerability by getting them into a room, car, or other secluded area Typically ply their victims with alcohol and other drugs while setting up a scenario of victim responsibility The clearest indicator of premeditation behind these assaults is that they tend to be repeated Research on surreptitious rapists Premeditation Recent research clearly indicates that just like incarcerated rapists, surreptitious rapists are repeat offenders who rarely get caught and use violence in many domains 122 surreptitious rapists admitted to 386 rapes, 20 other acts of sexual assault, and 264 acts of battery against their intimate partners These same undetected rapists also admitted to 365 acts of sexual abuse against children and 91 physical abuse against children Research on surreptitious rapists Implications for the investigation There are no specific profiles that characterize surreptitious rapists Surreptitious sex offenders are significantly different from rapists who prey on strangers Most surreptitious sex offenders have multiple offenses with no contact with police Many have sophisticated and smooth personality styles If accused – they will smoothly focus conversation on the behavior of the victim and undermine her credibility to set up a “consent” defense Will discuss the victim’s use of drugs or alcohol, promiscuity, or even prior “false” allegations Serial Rapist The serial rapist is only successful due to failure of others to connect their crimes, understand their motives, and failure to identify them and the immeasurable damage they cause What is a serial rapist? What are your beliefs concerning serial rapists? The truth may surprise you – and this is not a good surprise… Understanding & Identifying Sexual Disorders Sexually deviant preferences What drives sexual offending behavior? Object choice (age and sex of victim) Deviant behaviors Level of force or violence Paraphilias Paraphilias Recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges or behaviors generally involving: Non-human objects The suffering or humiliation of oneself or one’s partner, or Children or other nonconsenting persons Paraphilias (Cont) 6 months The person has acted on these sexual urges, or the sexual urges or fantasies cause marked distress or interpersonal difficulty Rape is a paraphilia – nonconsenting persons No specific diagnosis in DSM-IV-TR First specifically defined in the DSM-III as “repetitive sexual activity with nonconsenting partners.” Rape vs. Sexual Sadism Rape – force used only to complete the act Sexual sadism – chronic and life Cycle of Sexual Abuse Predispositions to a Sex Crime Sexually Deviant Thinking Internal Controls External Controls Access to a Victim Non-Deviant Sexual Choices (A Definition) C - Consent R - Respect E - Equality S - Safety T - Trust Sex Offender Attitudes of Offending Excuses behavior Justifies behavior No empathy Deserves sex Attitude tolerant of rape Denial of behavior OFFENSE REQUIREMENTS The Crime Offense Requirements (David Finklehor) - Must have a sexual perception of a person to some degree - Must overcome internal inhibitions guarding against interpreting that perception as acceptable - Must have access and opportunity - Must overcome resistance and defenses of the victim FEMALE OFFENDERS Female sex offenders – is this a problem? Men are physically capable of being molested by a female (Sarrel & Masters, 1982) Females may account for 16% of sex offenses against women and 24% of sex offenses against men (Finkelhor & Russell, 1984) 24.62% of male sex offenders were sexually abused by a female (Graham) FEMALE OFFENDERS Important Variables? In a study comparing male & female offenders at Northwest Treatment Associates, Seattle Washington: Females had a “co-offender” half the time Females used “dependency” as their excuse/justification more than did the males FEMALE OFFENDERS Important Variables? In a study comparing male & female offenders at Northwest Treatment Associates, Seattle Washington: Females used many of the cognitive distortions found in male offenders Both used coercion rather than physical force FEMALE OFFENDERS TYPES OF SEXUAL ASSAULTS Forced Assault - use of physical restraints or believable threats of physical violence In conjunction with another offender – male or female Generally for many of the same reasons as the male offenders FEMALE OFFENDERS Initial Attempts to develop typologies Teacher/Lover Experimenter/Exploiter Predisposed/Intergenerational Male Coerced Sex Offenders Come from all walks of life, all ages, all cultures & religions, and both genders Often commit many types of sex offenses and other crimes Most are serial sex offenders Offend for numerous reasons Most are nice, kind, empathetic, and caring (on the outside) Most are masters of deceit Most will never be caught Most will re-offend again Alright already! I understand – now what? You are responsible for the safety, education, and well-being of others Use this knowledge to conduct proper safety planning Educate others – prevention is not worth a pound of cure – prevention is the cure Consult with professionals when needed – you can’t do it alone - effectively Use hypotheticals when seeking advice on restricted cases Understand that there is a great deal more that we don’t know than what we do Err on the side of safety


PicClick Insights - 184 page Child Rape Serial SEXUAL ASSAULT Report PowerPoint Presentation on CD PicClick Exclusive

  •  Popularity - 4 watchers, 0.0 new watchers per day, 4,531 days for sale on eBay. Very high amount watching. 12 sold, 10 available.
  •  Best Price -
  •  Seller - 31,323+ items sold. 0.6% negative feedback. Great seller with very good positive feedback and over 50 ratings.

People Also Loved PicClick Exclusive