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CLASH HISTORIES SOUTH CAUCASUS- Redrawing Map- Azerbaijan Armenia Iran; GALICHIAN
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Title: "Clash Of Histories In The South Caucasus: Redrawing the map of Azerbaijan, Armenia and Iran"
Author(s)/Editor(s): Rouben Galichian
Language(s): English ; Publisher: Bennett & Bloom
Place: London, England ; Year: 2012 ; Pages: 232 Cover: Hardcover; Sizes: 16(W)x23.5(H) cm; Copies: Limited
Condition: New ; ISBN: 978-1-908755-01-8; Item's Code: LA-1024
ABOUT:
“Clash of Histories in the South Caucasus. Redrawing the Maps of Azerbaijan, Armenia and Iran” (Bennett & Bloom, 2012)- exposes Azerbaijan’s historic and cultural misrepresentations, presenting the truth revealed through various documents. The book has also been published in Russian (2013) and Persian (2015). A brief recent history of the region, with detailed analysis of the
reason and aim of the Azerbaijani falsifications of history of their
neighbours, particularly Iran and Armenia. Emphasis on the Azerbaijani
claims on history and culture of the region. Repudiation of their false
claims and exposure of their baseless accusations. Once again proving
the existence of Armenia, as well as the Iranian Province of Azerbaijan
for over two millenniae and the absence of such named country north of
the Arax River and Iran in any geographical and historical document
prior to the 1918. Rewriting
history and redrawing boundaries are ancient political strategies for
shaping national identity, nation-building and establishing territorial
claims. Ethnicity and cultural heritage are especially powerful symbols,
and therefore targets, for territorial claims a process exemplified
by the Republic of Azerbaijan's state-sponsored invention of its own
national identity. As the only former Soviet republic not to be created
from an established ethnic group, ever since its formation in 1918
Azerbaijan has used strategies adapted especially from the USSR and
Pan-Turkism movement to create a nationalistic ethnos/mythos at odds
with the historical and geographical reality. This
new study examines the motives and methodology employed by Azerbaijani
historians and geographers over the past century in officially
recreating the history, boundaries and even ethnicity of this
historically volatile region. Particular focus is given to Azerbaijan's
campaign for the geo-historical appropriation of neighboring Armenia and
Iranian Azerbaijan, a selective campaign that ignores Georgia and
Russia's North Caucasus. The evidence of the ancient and later
cartographers along with the Graeco-Roman historians and the accounts of
Islamic and European travelers confirm the international position that
runs counter to Azerbaijan's claims.
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Clash of Histories in the South Caucasus: Redrawing the map of Azerbaijan, Armenia and Iran By Rouben Galichian It is widely acknowledged that history is often manipulated and revised by authoritarian states. History textbooks have been used as a tool to legitimize government and institutionalize racism and hatred. This is the case of Azerbaijan, where after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Azerbaijani scholars guided by the political leadership tried to shape the national identity of their state. Rouben Galichian, in his book Clash of Histories in the South Caucasus: Redrawing the map of Azerbaijan, Armenia and Iran, examines the roots and effects of Azerbaijan’s rewriting of history and why it continues to do so, focusing on Armenia and Iran. In addition to detailing the officially-sponsored invention of modern Azerbaijani national identity, the book also looks at the various methodologies employed by Azerbaijani historians and geographers for their falsification of the documented pasts of Eastern Armenia and the northern Iranian province of Azerbaijan. According to the author, the official Azerbaijani narrative is to prove that the overall strategy adopted by Azerbaijan is to create a Turkic identity for its entire population, constituting the indigenous people of the territory and that the Armenians are newcomers to the South Caucasus. They also claim that all cultural monuments existing in Armenia, Artsakh and Azerbaijan belonged to the ancient nation of Caucasian Albanians, who claimed to be the ancestors of the Azerbaijanis. The strategy is to erase and deny any trace of the existence of Armenians in the region. Interestingly, this strategy started during the Soviet times and intensified after the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the independence of Azerbaijan in 1991. Galichian highlights Baku’s strategy in falsifying history and creating a false national identity as follows: —Distortion of the history and the cultural heritage of Armenia and Iran —Presenting Armenia as ‘Western Azerbaijan’ and Iranian Azerbaijan as ‘Southern Azerbaijan’ —Trying to convince other governments and international organizations that Caucasian Albania and Azerbaijan are two historical names for the same country, making the peoples of the Republic of Azerbaijan direct descendants of the Caucasian Albanians —Presenting Armenians as newcomers to the region of the South Caucasus and the Azerbaijani people as indigenous to the area —Making the Turkish language, imported into the region by the Turkic invaders, the indigenous language of Azerbaijanis —Appropriation of all historical monuments in Azerbaijan, Artsakh, Nakhichevan as well as Armenia as part of ‘ancient Albanian-Azerbaijani’ heritage The author refutes Azerbaijan’s distortions and argues that after the 11th and the 12th centuries the term Albania as a country or nation disappears from both Christian and Islamic historical and cartographic literature. He even counterargues Azerbaijani claims that Armenians are newcomers to the region. Azerbaijani historians claim that prior to 1828-1829, there were no Armenians living in South Caucasus and they were brought from Persia by the Russian empire. Galichian shows archival and historical facts that Armenians were forced to leave their homeland by the Persian Shah Abbas and deported deep to Isfahan (around 300,000-400,000 Armenians). Later with the advance of the Russian army, an insignificant number of Armenians (around 35,560) returned to their native land. Interestingly, Galichian provided facts about the naming of the Republic of Azerbaijan. When the three countries of South Caucasus declared their independence in May 1918, the eastern region (mainly populated by Muslims and Tatars) wanted to name the region as “Eastern and the Southern Trans-Caucasian Republic.” But Musavat, the major party at the time, with its Pan-Turkic leanings managed to name it as Azerbaijan. Persians erupted in protest as the Persian government argued that Azerbaijan was part of Persia, and the country and the territory east of the South Caucasus (northeast of the Arax river) have never been part of Iranian Azerbaijan. However, after the occupation by the Bolsheviks, Soviet leaders didn’t attempt to change the name as they played the ‘Southern Azerbaijani card’ against Iran. Galichian addresses President Ilham Aliyev’s attempts to revise history as more proof that Azerbaijan’s distortion and falsification of history are backed by the state. In December 2005 at the National Academy of Sciences, Aliyev addressed Azerbaijani historians and encouraged them to busy themselves with “research to prove that Armenians are newcomers to the region.” He also allocated huge funding to this project. In 2011, during the general assembly of the same institution, he expressed satisfaction that Azerbaijani historians have responded positively to his appeal and “proved that present-day Armenia is established on the historical lands of Azerbaijan.” Later, on December 10, 2020, at the Baku Victory Parade, Aliyev called “Yerevan, Zangezur and Sevan as historical Azerbaijani lands.” The conclusion of this fabrication clashes with the internationally accepted historical record that states the contrary, and so the undertaking exposes inherent errors and inevitable contradictions. As a result, the following conclusions are evident from this important and well-researched book: —The majority of the Albanian Christian tribes converted to Islam during the eighth and ninth centuries. A few centuries later, Caucasus Albania, located north of Kura River gradually disappeared from the maps. —The multitude of churches, monasteries and Christian monuments built during the 10th to 18th centuries on the current territory of Azerbaijan and Artsakh could not have been built by Islamized Albanians or the insignificant number of Udis who remained Christian in this period. Only Armenians had the resources to build and maintain these structures. —The present Armenian population of New Julfa near Isfahan, resettled there from Nakhichevan and the surrounding areas by the Persian Shah Abbas, is living proof that Armenians were uprooted from their homeland. —Up to the Middle Ages, the languages spoken in the Iranian province of Azerbaijan were not Turkic, but the Indo-European Azari dialects related to the Median and Parthian. It was only during the 13th century that this language had disappeared and was replaced by the Turkic language. —According to historians and travelers’ accounts, the territory or country named Azerbaijan north of Arax River did not exist until 1918. The evidence of the ancient and later cartographers, presented in more than 50 color maps, along with the Greek and Roman historians and the accounts of Islamic and European travelers confirm the international position that runs counter to Azerbaijan’s false claims. —The territories labeled ‘Northern Azerbaijan’ and ‘Southern Azerbaijan’ historically never existed. These are terms invented by modern Azerbaijani historians to serve political ends. As Azerbaijan engages in fabrication and distortion of historical facts and lobbies around the globe through its lobbying activism, Armenians must continue and intensify in showing the historical reality by engaging in political and diplomatic activism to preserve what has been left of Armenian culture in the occupied territories of Artsakh. The danger of the Nakhichevan example with the destruction of cross-stones, the ‘Albanization’ of Armenian monasteries and iconoclasm of Armenian heritage is still haunting our generation and already is being conducted around occupied Artsakh. The slogan “never again” should be translated into action. Diasporan organizations, Armenia’s Foreign Ministry and religious institutions must come up with a concrete plan and lobby at UNESCO and other international agencies to prevent the cultural cleansing of Armenian presence in the region. ADDITIONAL INFO Rouben Galichian Rouben Galichian (Galchian) was born (1938) in Tabriz, Iran, to a family of immigrant Armenians who had fled Van in 1915 to escape the Genocide, arriving in Iran via Armenia, Georgia and France. After attending school in Tehran, Rouben received a scholarship to study in the UK and graduated with a First Class Honours Degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Aston, Birmingham in 1963. After returning to Iran he worked in the Iranian Oil and Gas industries first as engineer and then as project manager for various pipeline projects. He was also active in designing lighting, electrical and communication systems for high-rises, university and college complexes. Since 1973 he was the Technical Director of a large consulting engineering firm, Bornaa, later renamed Nargan in Iran. From 1981 to 2000 he was a project director in Halcrow-Balfours Engineering firm in the UK, improving their design criteria and methods and later worked as consultant for oil-gas-petrochemical industries. From 2000-2005 he was the representative of Nargan Engineering of Iran, in Technip Company of France. Rouben’s interest in geography and cartography started from his school days, but he began seriously studying this subject since the 1970s. In 1976 he laid the foundation of his map collection, which in 2013 he donated to Matenadaran in Yerevan. In 1981 he moved to London with his family, where he had access to a huge variety of old maps and other cartographic material. His first book entitled “Historic Maps of Armenia: The Cartographic Heritage" (I. B. Tauris, London & New York, 2004) contained a collection of world maps and maps of Armenia over a period of 2600 years, as seen by various mapmakers. It became a bestseller of its kind and the following year, an expanded version of the book (produced in Russian and Armenian) was published in Armenia (Printinfo Art Books, 2005). His third book, “Countries South of the Caucasus in Medieval Maps: Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan” (Gomidas Institute, London, 2007), provides basic historical-geographical information of this region for readers in the West The book contains 82 medieval maps and 26 detail maps, which constitute a major part of the world cartographic heritage, beginning with biographic details of their authors and their sources, augmented by cartographic-geographic analysis of all the map contents, particularly regarding the manner that Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan are presented on these maps. His fourth “The Invention of History: Azerbaijan, Armenia, and the Showcasing of Imaginations” (Gomidas Institute-London and Printinfo Art Books-Yerevan, April 2009), documenting Armenia’s and Armenian’s native pedigree and culture through the centuries, which the recently (1918) born Republic of Azerbaijan falsifies, disputes and appropriates. The book was translated into Armenian and Russian and published in Armenia in 2010. The second edition of the English was published in Armenia in 2010. One of his most recent books is “Clash of Histories in the South Caucasus. Redrawing the Maps of Azerbaijan, Armenia and Iran” (Bennett & Bloom, 2012), which exposes Azerbaijan’s historic and cultural misrepresentations, presenting the truth revealed through various documents. The book has also been published in Russian (2013) and Persian (2015). In 2014 he revised and abridged his most successful work, Historic Maps of Armenia (Bennett & Bloom, London, 2014). In 2015, are the revised re-publication of his first cartographic work in three languages, Armenian-Russian-English, published under the auspices of the Catholicos of All Armenians in a luxurious and large volume, as well as a smaller volume entitled A Glance into the History of Armenia through Cartographic Records (Bennett & Bloom, 2015), designed to accompany the traveling exhibition of 51 map panels, which depict Armenia in various periods of its history. His latest works, published in 2019, "ARMENIA, AZERBAIJAN and TURKEY. Addressing Paradoxes of Culture, Geography and History" (Bennett & Bloom of London and Zangak of Yerevan, Armenia, 2019) addresses mainly cultural, geographical and historical misrepresentation of facts by our neighbours, aimed at proving that Armenians are new in the region and they are the ethnics of the region. Using Islamic and European documentation and maps, the truth is discussed and exposed. In addition to the above mentioned books, Rouben is the author of many articles on cartography and related subjects, written for various periodicals and magazines.Hehas lectured in in the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, Yerevan and other cities such as Boston, Providence, San Francisco, Paris, Tehran, Los Angeles, Cairo etc. Some of these papers can be found in the website. His wife Mariette is a qualified therapist and counselor with many years of working experience in London Marriage Guidance Center. Since 1994 she has trained many therapists in Armenia where she currently is active in therapy, counselling and training of the specialists. Rouben and his wife are also involved in many charitable projects in Armenia. He has been the chairman of Aid Armenia, a British charity, which built and equipped the children’s hospital in Vanadzor,they are trustees of Friends of Armenia, involved in projects dealing with education, health and alleviation of poverty in vulnerable families by providing them with means for getting additional income. They also have founded Levon Galchian Art Studio in the village of Myasnikian, Armavir Marz, in memory of their artist and designer son, Levon (1965-2004), where village schoolchildren can learn various crafts and arts. In appreciation of the services offered to Armenian historical cartography, Rouben was awarded an Honourary Doctorate by the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia in November of 2008. In 2009 he was the recipient of “Vazgen I” cultural achievements medal. In 2013 the President of the Republic of Armenia awarded Rouben the prestigious Movses Khorenatsi medal for his achievements in the preservation of the Armenian heritage and improvement of relations between Armenia and the Diaspora. Tags: armenia,
armenian, armenians, arminia, arminian, armyani, armeniya, armyanin, l'Arménie,
l'arménien, les Arméniens, Armenien, Hay, Haykakan, Hayastan, Hayastani,
Hayots, Patmutyun, Badmutyun, Yeghern, Eghern, Genocide, 1915, Massacre, Kars,
Marash, Zeitun, Erzerum, Mush, Van, Musa-Ler, Musa-Dagh, Mousa-Ler, Mousa,
Musaler, Turkey, Turkish, Turks, Ottoman, Historiography -- Political aspects -- Azerbaijan, Geography -- Political aspects -- Azerbaijan, Cartography -- Political aspects -- Azerbaijan, Boundaries -- Political aspects -- Azerbaijan, Nationalism -- Azerbaijan, Geschichtsschreibung, Nationenbildung, Ethnic relations, Historical geography, Historiography, Historiography -- Political aspects, Nationalism, Politics and government, Caucasus, South -- Historiography, Caucasus, South -- Historical geography, Caucasus, South -- Maps, Caucasus, South -- Ethnic relations, Azerbaijan -- Politics and government, Aserbaidschan, Azerbaijan, South Caucasus
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